中國詩人北島

北島（1949年8月2日－），原名趙振開，中國當代詩人，為朦朧詩代表人物之一。先後獲瑞典筆會文學獎、美國西部筆會中心自由寫作獎、古根海姆獎學金等，並被選為美國藝術文學院終身榮譽院士。

生平

北島祖籍中國浙江湖州，1949年生於當時的北平（即北京）。畢業於北京四中。1969年當建築工人，後作過翻譯，並短期在《新觀察》雜誌作過編輯。1970年開始寫作，1978年與芒克等人創辦《今天》雜誌。北島因在六四民運中的特殊作用，不被中國政府見容，於1989年移居國外，曾一度旅居瑞典等七個國家，他在世界上多個國家進行創作，尋找機會朗讀自己的詩歌。1994年曾經返回中國，在北京入境時被扣留，遣送回美國，曾任教於加利福尼亞大學戴維斯分校，還曾是史丹福大學、加利福尼亞大學伯克萊分校、香港中文大學客座教授。2001年10月回國為父奔喪，2002年宣佈退出「中國人權」。

2007年，北島收到香港中文大學的聘書。8月，北島正式搬到香港，與其家人團聚，結束其近20年的歐美各國漂泊式生活[1]。

1990年在北島的主持下《今天》文學雜誌在挪威復刊，至今仍在世界各地發行，其網路版和論壇（www.jintian.net）也享譽世界各地漢語文學圈。

出版的詩集有：《陌生的海灘》（1978年）、《北島詩選》（1986年）、《在天涯》（1993年）、《午夜歌手》（1995年）、《零度以上的風景線》（1996年）、《開鎖》（1999年），其他作品有：《波動》及英譯本（1984年）、《歸來的陌生人》（1987年）、《藍房子》（1999年），散文集《失敗之書》（2004年），散文集《青燈》(2008年1月)。北島的作品已被譯成二十多種文字出版。代表作包括作於1976年天安門「四五運動」期間的《回答》，其中的「卑鄙是卑鄙者的通行證，高尚是高尚者的墓志銘」已經成為中國新詩名句。在美國，其作品由 Zephyr Press 出版。曾多次獲諾貝爾文學獎提名，是當今影響最大，也最受國際承認的中國詩人。

文學意見

德國漢學家魯道夫·瓦格納（Rudolf G. Wagner）認為北島在1980年代後期出國後所寫的詩沒有長進，「基本上重複原來的意象，新的發展很少。北島沒有前進，許多中國作家也都是這樣重復自己。」

而德國另一漢學家顧彬（Wolfgang Kubin）對北島卻極為推崇，在其文章和多次訪談中對北島的人格道義，詩歌和散文都讚譽有加。

Bei Dao (simplified Chinese: 北岛; traditional Chinese: 北島; pinyin: Běi Dǎo; literally "Northern Island", born August 2, 1949) is the pseudonym of Chinese poet Zhao Zhenkai (趙振開). He was born in Beijing, his pseudonym was chosen because he came from the north and because of his preference for solitude[1]. Bei Dao is the most notable representative of the Misty Poets, a group of Chinese poets who reacted against the restrictions of the Cultural Revolution[2].

As a teenager, Bei Dao was a member of the Red Guards, the enthusiastic followers of Mao Zedong who enforced the dictates of the Cultural Revolution, often through violent means. He had misgivings about the Revolution and was "re-educated" as a construction worker the next eleven years.

Bei Dao and Mang Ke founded the magazine Jintian ("Today"); the central publication of the Misty Poets which was published from 1978 until 1980, when it was banned. The work of the Misty Poets and Bei Dao in particular were an inspiration to pro-democracy movements in China. Most notable was his poem "Huida" ("The Answer") which was written during the 1976 Tiananmen demonstrations in which he participated. The poem was taken up as a defiant anthem of the pro-democracy movement and appeared on posters during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. During the 1989 protests and subsequent shootings, Bei Dao was at a literary conference in Berlin and was not allowed to return to China[3]. (Three other leading Misty Poets, Gu Cheng, Duo Duo, and Yang Lian, were also exiled). His then wife, Shao Fei, and their daughter were not allowed to leave China to join him for another six years.

Since 1987, Bei Dao has lived and taught in England, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, France, and the United States. His work has been translated into twenty-five languages, including five poetry volumes in English [4] along with the collection of stories Waves (1990) and the essay collections Blue House (2000) and Midnight's Gate (2005). Bei Dao continued his work in exile.

He has won numerous awards, including Tucholsky Prize from Swedish PEN, International Poetry Argana Award from the House of Poetry in Morocco and the PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award. He is an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Jintian was resurrected in Stockholm in 1990 as a forum for expatriate Chinese writers. He has taught and lectured at a number of schools, most recently the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, as well as the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa and Beloit College in Wisconsin, and is currently Professor of Humanities in the Center for East Asian Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He has been repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.